Njengoko ukutshatyalaliswa kwamahlathi kusanda, ukonakala kwamahlathi, kunye nomngcipheko wotshintsho lwemozulu, i-bamboo kunye ne-rattan zivela njengeeqhawe ezingadunyiswanga ekufuneni izisombululo ezizinzileyo. Nangona zingachazwa njengemithi—i-bamboo yingca kwaye i-rattan yisundu elinyukayo—ezi zityalo ziguquguqukayo zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekulondolozeni ulwahlulo lwezinto eziphilayo emahlathini kwihlabathi liphela. Uphando lwakutshanje olwenziwe yi-International Bamboo and Rattan Organisation (INBAR) kunye neRoyal Botanic Gardens, eKew, luchonge iintlobo ze-bamboo ezingaphezu kwe-1600 kunye neentlobo ze-rattan ezingama-600, eziquka iAfrika, iAsia kunye neMelika.
Umthombo Wobomi Kwizityalo Nezilwanyana
I-bamboo kunye ne-rattan zisebenza njengemithombo ebalulekileyo yokondla kunye nendawo yokukhusela izilwanyana zasendle ezininzi, kuquka neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zezilwanyana ezisengozini yokuphela. I-panda enkulu edumileyo, enokutya kwayo okujolise kwi-bamboo ukuya kuthi ga kwi-40 kg ngosuku, ngumzekelo omnye nje. Ngaphandle kwee-panda, izidalwa ezifana ne-panda ebomvu, i-gorilla yeentaba, indlovu yaseIndiya, ibhere elinomtsalane laseMzantsi Melika, i-ploughshare tortoise, kunye ne-Madagascar bamboo lemur zonke zixhomekeke kwi-bamboo ukuze zondleke. Iziqhamo ze-rattan zinegalelo kwisondlo esibalulekileyo kwiintaka ezahlukeneyo, amalulwane, iinkawu, kunye nebhere yelanga yase-Asia.
Ukongeza ekuxhaseni izilwanyana zasendle, i-bamboo ibonakalisa ukuba ngumthombo obalulekileyo wokutya kwemfuyo, inika ukutya okungabizi kakhulu, okunokutya unyaka wonke kweenkomo, iinkukhu kunye neentlanzi. Uphando lwe-INBAR lubonisa indlela ukutya okubandakanya amagqabi e-bamboo okuphucula ngayo ixabiso lesondlo lokutya, ngaloo ndlela kwandisa imveliso yobisi lweenkomo minyaka le kwimimandla efana neGhana neMadagascar.
Iinkonzo ezibalulekileyo zeNkqubo yendalo
Ingxelo ka-2019 ye-INBAR kunye ne-CIFOR igxininisa iinkonzo ezahlukeneyo nezinempembelelo kwindalo ephilayo ezinikezelwa ngamahlathi e-bamboo, zidlula ezo zengca, imihlaba yezolimo, kunye namahlathi awonakeleyo okanye atyaliweyo. Ingxelo igxininisa indima ye-bamboo ekunikezeni iinkonzo zokulawula, ezinje ngokubuyiselwa komhlaba, ulawulo lokudilika komhlaba, ukuhlaziywa kwamanzi angaphantsi komhlaba, kunye nokucocwa kwamanzi. Ngaphezu koko, i-bamboo inegalelo elikhulu ekuxhaseni iindlela zokuphila zasemaphandleni, okwenza ukuba ibe yindawo efanelekileyo yokuthatha indawo yamahlathi atyaliweyo okanye imihlaba ewonakeleyo.
Enye inkonzo ebalulekileyo ye-ecosystem ye-bamboo kukukwazi kwayo ukubuyisela umhlaba owonakeleyo. Iingcambu ezinzulu ze-bamboo ezingaphantsi komhlaba zibopha umhlaba, zithintele ukugeleza kwamanzi, kwaye zisinde nokuba i-biomass engaphezulu komhlaba itshatyalaliswe ngumlilo. Iiprojekthi ezixhaswa yi-INBAR kwiindawo ezifana ne-Allahabad, eIndiya, zibonise ukunyuka kwetafile yamanzi kunye nokuguqulwa kwendawo eyayingasasebenzi kakuhle ngaphambili yokwemba izitena ibe ngumhlaba wezolimo ovelisayo. E-Ethiopia, i-bamboo sisityalo esiphambili kwisicwangciso esixhaswa yiBhanki yeHlabathi sokubuyisela iindawo zokugcina amanzi eziwonakeleyo, eziquka ngaphezulu kwe-30 yezigidi zeehektare kwihlabathi liphela.
Umthombo Wokuphila Ozinzileyo
I-bamboo kunye ne-rattan, njengezixhobo ezikhula ngokukhawuleza nezizivuselelayo, zisebenza njengezinto zokuthintela ukugawulwa kwamahlathi kunye nokulahleka kwezinto eziphilayo ezinxulumene noko. Ukukhula kwazo ngokukhawuleza kunye noxinano olukhulu lwe-culm kwenza amahlathi e-bamboo akwazi ukubonelela nge-biomass engaphezulu kunamahlathi endalo kunye namahlathi atyaliweyo, nto leyo eyenza ukuba abaluleke kakhulu ekutyeni, ekutyeni, emithini, e-bioenergy, nakwizinto zokwakha. I-rattan, njengesityalo esizalisa ngokukhawuleza, inokuvunwa ngaphandle kokubangela umonakalo kwimithi.
Ukudibana kokukhuselwa kwezinto eziphilayo ezahlukeneyo kunye nokunciphisa ubuhlwempu kubonakala kwimizamo efana neNkqubo yoPhuhliso lweBamboo yaseDutch-Sino-East Africa ye-INBAR. Ngokutyala i-bamboo kwiindawo ezifihlakeleyo zeepaki zesizwe, le nkqubo ayiboneleli nje kuphela uluntu lwasekuhlaleni ngezinto zokwakha ezizinzileyo kunye nezixhobo zobugcisa bezandla kodwa ikwakhusela neendawo zokuhlala zeegorila zasezintabeni zasekuhlaleni.
Elinye iprojekthi ye-INBAR eChishui, eTshayina, igxile ekuvuseleleni ubugcisa be-bamboo. Isebenzisana ne-UNESCO, eli phulo lixhasa imisebenzi yokuphila ezinzileyo isebenzisa i-bamboo ekhula ngokukhawuleza njengomthombo wengeniso. I-Chishui, indawo yeLifa leMveli leHlabathi le-UNESCO, ibeka imiqathango engqongqo yokugcina okusingqongileyo kwendalo, kwaye i-bamboo ivela njengento ebalulekileyo ekukhuthazeni ulondolozo lwendalo kunye nokuphila kakuhle koqoqosho.
Indima ye-INBAR ekukhuthazeni iindlela ezizinzileyo
Ukususela ngo-1997, i-INBAR ibisoloko ixhasa ukubaluleka kwe-bamboo kunye ne-rattan kuphuhliso oluzinzileyo, kubandakanya ukukhuselwa kwamahlathi kunye nokugcinwa kwezinto eziphilayo ezahlukeneyo. Okuphawulekayo kukuba, le ntlangano idlale indima ebalulekileyo ekuphuhlisweni komgaqo-nkqubo wesizwe we-bamboo waseTshayina, inika iingcebiso ngeeprojekthi ezifana ne-Bamboo Biodiversity Project.
Okwangoku, i-INBAR ibandakanyeka ekudwebeni ukusasazwa kwe-bamboo kwihlabathi liphela, inikezela ngeenkqubo zoqeqesho kumawaka abaxhamli minyaka le abavela kumazwe angamalungu ayo ukukhuthaza ulawulo olungcono lwezixhobo. NjengoMqapheli weSivumelwano se-UN malunga noBuntu obuPhilayo, i-INBAR ikhuthaza ngokukhutheleyo ukubandakanywa kwe-bamboo kunye ne-rattan kwizinto eziphilayo zesizwe nezengingqi kunye nocwangciso lwamahlathi.
Ngokwenyani, i-bamboo kunye ne-rattan zivela njengabalingani abanamandla ekulweni nokugawulwa kwamahlathi kunye nokulahleka kwezinto eziphilayo. Ezi zityalo, ezihlala zinganakwa kwimigaqo-nkqubo yamahlathi ngenxa yokwahlulwa kwazo ngaphandle kwemithi, zibonisa amandla azo njengezixhobo ezinamandla zophuhliso oluzinzileyo kunye nolondolozo lokusingqongileyo. Umdaniso ontsonkothileyo phakathi kwezi zityalo zizinzileyo kunye ne-ecosystems ezihlala kuzo ubonisa amandla endalo okubonelela ngezisombululo xa zinikwe ithuba.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Disemba-10-2023
