I-bamboo, ingca ekhula ngokukhawuleza neguquguqukayo kwihlabathi liphela | Itekhnoloji

I-bamboo yingca, isityalo esikhulu kodwa esincinci esinotyani kusapho lwengca (iPoaceae) esineempawu ezikhethekileyo: Izityalo ezahlukeneyo zezinye iintlobo zikhula ukusuka kwi-70 cm ukuya kwimitha (27.5 intshi kunye ne-39.3 intshi). Iyakwazi ukubamba i-carbon dioxide ephindwe kathathu ukuya kane ngosuku kunezinye izityalo, idubula rhoqo emva kweminyaka eyi-100 ukuya kwi-150 ngokomyinge kodwa emva koko iyafa, iingcambu zayo zingabi nzulu ngaphezu kwe-100 cm (39.3 intshi), nangona inde xa ikhula, iingcambu zayo zingafikelela kwiimitha ezingama-25 (82.02 ft) kwiminyaka emithathu kuphela, kwaye zinokubonelela ngomthunzi ukuya kuthi ga kwi-60 yendawo, kodwa zingabi ngaphezu kwe-3 square metres. UManuel Trillo kunye no-Antonio Vega-Rioja, izazinzulu ezimbini zebhayoloji eziqeqeshwe kwiYunivesithi yaseSeville kumazantsi eSpain, benze indawo yokuqala yaseYurophu eqinisekisiweyo ye-bamboo nursery. Ilebhu yabo yilebhu yezityalo yokuhlola nokusebenzisa zonke izibonelelo ezinikezelwa sisityalo, kodwa iingcamango zabantu malunga nezi zibonelelo zigxile kakhulu kuneengcambu zesityalo.
Kukho iihotele, izindlu, izikolo kunye neebhulorho ze-bamboo. Le ngca ikhula ngokukhawuleza emhlabeni, inika ukutya, ioksijini, kunye nomthunzi, kwaye inako ukunciphisa amaqondo obushushu okusingqongileyo ukuya kuthi ga kwi-15 degrees Celsius xa kuthelekiswa neendawo ezikhanyiswa lilanga. Nangona kunjalo, ithwala umthwalo wobuxoki wokuthathwa njengohlobo oluhlaselayo, nangona kukho malunga nama-20 kuphela kwiintlobo ezingaphezu kwe-1,500 ezichongiweyo ezithathwa njengongenayo, kwaye kuphela kwiindawo ezithile.
“Ucalucalulo luvela kwimvelaphi edidayo nokuziphatha. Iitapile, iitumato kunye neeorenji nazo aziveli eYurophu, kodwa azingenisi zityalo. Ngokungafaniyo nemifuno, iingcambu zebhambo zisembindini. Ivelisa isiqu esinye kuphela [isebe elivela kumlenze omnye, iintyatyambo okanye ameva],” utshilo uVega Rioja.
Uyise kaVega Rioja, umyili wezakhiwo zobugcisa, waba nomdla kwezi fektri. Wadlulisela uthando lwakhe kunyana wakhe njengesazi sebhayoloji, waza kunye neqabane lakhe uManuel Trillo, baseka ilebhu yezityalo zendalo ukuze bafunde baze babonise ezi zityalo njengezinto zokuhombisa, zoshishino kunye ne-bioclimatic. Le yindawo yokuqala yeLa Bambuseria, ekwiikhilomitha ezimbalwa ukusuka kwikomkhulu laseAndalusia, kwaye yindawo yokuqala yokugcina izityalo ze-bamboo eYurophu.
“Siqokelele iimbewu ezili-10,000, ezingama-7,500 kuzo zahluma, saza sakhetha ezingama-400 ngokweempawu zazo,” ucacisa uVega Rioja. Kwilebhu yakhe yezityalo, egubungela ihektare enye kuphela (iihektare ezingama-2.47) kwintlambo echumileyo yoMlambo iGuadalquivir, ubonisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ezilungele iimeko zemozulu ezahlukeneyo: ezinye zazo zinokumelana namaqondo obushushu afikelela kwi--12 degrees Celsius (10.4 degrees Celsius). Fahrenheit. kwaye zisinda kwizivuthuvuthu zasebusika zasePhilomena, ngelixa ezinye zikhula entlango. Indawo enkulu eluhlaza yahlukile kwiifama zelanga neetapile ezikufutshane. Amaqondo obushushu endlela ye-asphalt ekungeneni yayingama-40 degrees Celsius (104 degrees Fahrenheit). Amaqondo obushushu kwindawo yokugcina izityalo yayingama-25.1 degrees Celsius (77.2 degrees Fahrenheit).
Nangona abasebenzi abamalunga nama-50 bevuna iitapile ngaphantsi kweemitha ezingama-50 ukusuka ehotele, kuvakala imisindo yeentaka kuphela ngaphakathi. Iingenelo ze-bamboo njengesixhobo esifunxa isandi ziye zafundwa ngononophelo kwaye uphando lubonise ukuba sisixhobo esifanelekileyo sokufunxa isandi.
Kodwa amandla ale nja inkulu yezityalo makhulu kakhulu. I-bamboo, eyakha isiseko sokutya kwe-panda enkulu kwanembonakalo yayo, ibikho kubomi babantu ukususela kumaxesha amandulo, ngokutsho kweScientific Reports.
Isizathu sokuqhubeka kwesi sizathu kukuba ukongeza ekubeni ngumthombo wokutya, isakhiwo sayo esikhethekileyo, esihlalutywe kwisifundo seNational Science Review, asizange sijongwe ngabantu. Esi sixhobo sisetyenziswe kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo zoyilo okanye ukonga amandla ukuya kuthi ga kwi-20% xa kuthuthwa imithwalo enzima kusetyenziswa izixhobo ezilula. “Ezi zixhobo zimangalisayo kodwa zilula zinokunciphisa umsebenzi wezandla wabasebenzisi,” ucacisa uRyan Schroeder weYunivesithi yaseCalgary kwiJenali yeBiology yoVavanyo.
Elinye inqaku elipapashwe kwi-GCB Bioenergy lichaza indlela i-bamboo enokuba ngumthombo wophuhliso lwamandla avuselelekayo. “I-Bioethanol kunye ne-biochar zezona mveliso ziphambili ezinokufunyanwa,” ucacisa uZhiwei Liang waseYunivesithi yezoLimo kunye neSayensi yoBomi yaseHungary.
Eyona nto iphambili ekwenzeni i-bamboo ibe nobuchule obuphezulu kukusasazwa kweendawo kweefayibha kwi-cylinder yayo engenanto, elungiselelwe ukomeleza amandla ayo kunye nokukwazi kwayo ukugoba. “Ukulinganisa ukukhanya namandla e-bamboo, indlela ebizwa ngokuba yi-biomimicry, ibe nempumelelo ekusombululeni iingxaki ezininzi kuphuhliso lwezinto,” utshilo uMotohiro Sato weYunivesithi yaseHokkaido, okwangumbhali wesifundo sePlos One. Ngenxa yoku, ii-membranes eziqulathe amanzi ze-bamboo zenza ukuba ibe sisityalo esikhula ngokukhawuleza kwihlabathi, kwaye oku kuye kwaphefumlela iqela labaphandi kwiYunivesithi yeTekhnoloji yaseQueensland ukuba baphuhlise ii-electrode zebhetri ezisebenzayo ngakumbi zokutshaja ngokukhawuleza.
Uluhlu lokusetyenziswa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-bamboo lukhulu, ukusuka ekuvelisweni kwezinto zasekhitshini ezinokubola ukuya ekuvelisweni kweebhayisekile okanye ifenitshala kuzo zonke iindawo zokwakha. Izazinzulu ezimbini zebhayoloji zaseSpain sele ziqalise le ndlela. “Asikaze siyeke uphando,” utshilo uTrillo, ekufuneka ongeze ulwazi lwakhe lwebhayoloji ngolwazi lwezolimo. Abaphandi bayavuma ukuba bebengenakukwazi ukuphumeza le projekthi ngaphandle kwesifundo sakhe, awasifumana kummelwane wakhe u-Emilio Jiménez ngesidanga se-master's.
Ukuzibophelela kwiilebhu zezityalo kwenze iVega-Rioja yaba ngumthengisi wokuqala we-bamboo osemthethweni eThailand. Yena noTrillo bayaqhubeka nokuzama ukuxuba izityalo ukuze bavelise izityalo ezineempawu ezithile ngokuxhomekeke ekusetyenzisweni kwazo okanye kwindawo ezikhula kuyo, okanye bakhangela ihlabathi imbewu eyahlukileyo enokubiza ukuya kuthi ga kwi-$10 nganye ukuvelisa iintlobo zezityalo ezifikelela kuma-200.
Esinye isicelo esinokubakho kwangoko kunye nemiphumo ebalulekileyo yexesha elifutshane kukudala iindawo eziluhlaza ezimnyama nezimelana nezinambuzane kwiindawo ezithile apho izisombululo ze-bioclimatic zinokufezekiswa ngokusetyenziswa okuncinci komhlaba (i-bamboo ingatyalwa nakwidama lokudada) ngaphandle komonakalo.
Bathetha ngeendawo ezikufutshane neendlela ezinkulu, iikhampasi zezikolo, iindawo zoshishino, iiplaza ezivulekileyo, iingcingo zokuhlala, ii-boulevards, okanye iindawo ezingenazo izityalo. Bathi i-bamboo ayisosisombululo esikhethekileyo sezityalo zasekhaya, kodwa njengesixhobo sotyando kwiindawo ezifuna ukugqunywa kwezityalo ngokukhawuleza. Oku kunceda ekubambeni i-carbon dioxide eninzi kangangoko kunokwenzeka, kubonelela nge-35% yeoksijini engaphezulu, kwaye kunciphisa amaqondo obushushu nge-15 degrees Celsius kwiimeko ezimandundu zendalo.
Amaxabiso aqala kwi-€70 ($77) ukuya kwi-€500 ($550) ngemitha nganye ye-bamboo, kuxhomekeke kwixabiso lokuvelisa izityalo kunye nokwahluka kohlobo olufunekayo. Ingca inokubonelela ngesakhiwo esiza kuhlala amakhulu eminyaka, ngexabiso eliphantsi ngemitha yesikwere nganye yokwakha, ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi okuphezulu kwiminyaka emithathu yokuqala, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamanzi okuphantsi kakhulu emva kokuvuthwa nokungavuthi.
Bangayixhasa le bango ngezixhobo zesayensi. Umzekelo, uphando olwenziwe kwizixeko zaseYurophu ezingama-293 olupapashwe kwiphephancwadi iNature lufumanise ukuba iindawo zasezidolophini, nokuba ziluhlaza, zifunxa ubushushu obuphindwe kabini ukuya kane kuneendawo ezigqunywe yimithi okanye izityalo ezinde. Amahlathi e-bamboo afunxa ikharbon diokside kunezinye iintlobo zamahlathi.